|
|||||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
condescension
1. (in a good sense)
do something, accept a position, etc. that one's rank, merits, abilities,
etc. do not require one to do.
2. (in a bad sense)
stoop, lower oneself
stoop
1. bend body forwards
and downwards
2. bend the neck
so that the head is forward and down
3. (fig) lower oneself
morally
He's a man who would stoop to anything, who has no moral scruples.
scruple [skROOpl]
uneasiness of conscience
I can't agree to
do that until you remove my scruples, prove that there is nothing wrong,
immoral, etc. about it.
scrupulous
1. careful to do
nothing morally wrong
2. paying great
attention to small points (especially of conscience)
dismissal
of dismissing or
being dismissed
dismiss
1. send away (from
one's employment or service)
2. put away from
mind.
approbation
(formal) approval;
sanction
3
exhausted
1. use up completely:
exhaust one's patience/strength
2. tired out; feeling
exhausted
3. say, find out,
all there is to say about: exhaust a subject
5
technocrat
supporter, member
of technocracy
technocracy
organization and
management of a country industrial resources by technical experts
exacerbated
[igZEHsurbeitid]
(formal) irritate;
aggravate (make worse) pain, disease; exasperate
exasperate
irritate; produce
ill feeling in; make ill feeling, anger, etc. worse
It is exasperating
to lose a train by half a minute.
virtuosity
skill of a virtuoso
virtuoso
[vurchyooUooso]
person skilled in
the methods of an art, especially one who plays a musical instrument with
great skill
8
sedative
(medicine, drug)
tending to calm the nerves and reduce stress; tranquilizer
drowsiness
feeling sleepy
contagiousness
[konTEIjusnis]
(of disease) spreading
by contact
Yawning is contagious.
laxative
causing the bowels
to empty
anesthetic
substance that produce
anesthesia [enisTHIziuh] (= state of being unable to feel pain, heat, etc.)
psychosis
abnormal or diseased
mental state
9
caucus
(meeting of) organization
committee of a political parties
ward
1. division of,
separate room in, a building especially a prison or a hospital
the fever/isolation/children's ward
2. division of a
local government area, each division being represented by one Councilor
Keep watch and ward:
guard and protect
10
wanderlust
strong desire to travel
11
frugal
careful, economical
miserly
of miser (person who loves wealth for
its own sake and spends as little as possible)
confident
certain; feeling or showing confidence
confidence
1. (act of) confiding in or to
in strict confidential:
expecting something to be kept secret
I'm telling you this
in strict confidence.
2. belief in oneself or others or in what
is said, reported, etc.
confidential
1. (to be kept) secret
confidential information
2. (of person) inclined to give confidences
Don't become too confidential
with strangers.
confide
1. tell secrets to somebody
He confided his secrets
to a friend
2. have trust or faith in
Can I confide in his
honesty?
confiding
ready to trust others, unsuspicious; trusting
The girl is of a confiding nature.
pugnacious
fond of fighting; belligerent
aggressive
quarrelsome
rash
too hasty
foolhardy
foolishly bold; taking unnecessary risks
12
antidote
medicine used against poison
narcotic
producing sleep, often blunting the senses
and, in large doses, producing complete insensibility
relapse
falling back, especially after recovering
from illness
fall back again (into bad ways, error,
heresy, illness, silence, etc.)
heresy [HErusi]
a religious belief opposed to the orthodox
doctrines of a church
fall back
retreat; move or turn back
tonic
giving strength or energy
lethargy
(state of) being tired, uninterested;
want of energy
resuscitation
bring or come back to consciousness
suffocate
have difficulty in breathing, choke to
death
13
stygian [sTIjiun]
the lower world in Greek myth; dark, gloomy
cogent
(of arguments) strong and convincing
contentious
quarrelsome
fortuitous
happening by chance
cataclysmic
cataclysm: sudden and violent change (e.g.
a flood, an earthquake, a great war, a political or social revolution)
doomed
condemn
She got well again, although the doctors
had doomed her.
doomed to die; poem doomed to oblivion
condemn
1. say that somebody is, or has done,
wrong or that something is wrong, unfit for use
2. give judgment against
condemn a murderer
to life imprisonment
condemned
send, appoint (to something unwelcome
or painful)
condemned to die
14
pyre [paiur]
large pile of wood for burning especially
on which a dead body is burned in a funeral rite
mortuary [MORchyooeri]
room or building to which dead bodies
are taken to be kept until burial
centurion
leader of 100 soldiers (in ancient Rome)
massacre
cruel killing of large number of people
augury [Ogyoori]
omen, sign
15
evanescent
quick fading; soon going from the memory
onerous
needing effort; burdensome; laborious
onerous duties
onus
a difficult task, burden
feckless
futile; inefficient; irresponsible
illusory [iLOOsori]
deceptive; based on illusion
pliant
pliable, easily bent, adaptable, supple
16
upbraid
scold
dote
show much, too much, fondness; center
one's affection on
She dotes on her grandson.
He's a doting husband: very loving
stray
lose one's way
recast
rewrite; cast or fashion anew
17-23 passage
incidence
way in which something falls or affects
things
the incidence of a disease: the range
of extent of its effect, the number and kind of people who catch it
the incidence of a tax: the way it falls
to certain people to pay it
postulate
demand
cessation
ceasing
unequivocal
clear, straightforward
remnant
small part that remains
17
assessing
decide or fix the amount of (a tax or
a fine); appraise
Damages were assessed at $100.
19
predicated [PREdikeitid]
declare to be true or real; assert; imply
make necessary as a consequence
These polices were predicated by Britain's
decision to join the Common Market.
Snow predicates whiteness.
Nothing can be predicated about a nonexistent
thing.
This is predicated upon my confidence
in his ability.
25
anomaly
something irregular, different in some
way from what is normal
26
paradox
statement that seems to say something
opposite to common sense or the truth, but which may contain a truth
e.g. More haste, less speed.
28-38 direction
shade
degree of difference
28
fallacy
false or mistaken belief
tentative
made or done as a trial, to see the effect
divulge
make known, reveal
30
boycott
refuse to have anything to do with
extort
obtain by violence, threats
underwrite
undertake to bear all or part of possible
loss (by signing an agreement about insurance, especially of ship)
bear
provide, support
undertake
make oneself responsible for; affirm,
promise; agree
underbid
make a lower bid than
stipulate
state, put forward, as a necessary condition
patronize
act as patron toward
patron
person who gives encouragement, moral
or financial supports to a person, the arts, etc.
Modern artists have difficulty in finding
wealthy patrons
31
consternation
surprise and fear; dismay
rejuvenation
make young or vigorous again
32
deposition [depuZIshun]
1. depositing (e.g. mud)
When the Nile rises
it deposits a layer of mud on the land
2. deposing from office
3. statement made on oath
He deposed that he
had seen him run out of the house.
congealing
make or become stiff or solid; thick as
if frozen
33
enervate
(out + nerves) cause to lose physical,
moral strength
recuperate [riKYOOpureit]
make or become strong after illness
resurrect [rezuREKT]
to raise from the dead, bring back to
life
resurrect an old word/custom
34
tranquil
calm, quiet
skeptical
inclined not to believe
morose [moRUOOS]
sullen, ill-tempered; unsocial
35
repine
be discontented (dissatisfaction) with;
fret against
repine at misfortune
pine
waste through grief, pain, longing, etc.
pining from hunger; exiles pining for
home/to return home
fret [fret]
worry; (cause to) be discontented or bad-tempered
Don't fret over trifles.
36
veneration
regard with deep respect
They venerate the old man's memory.
derision [diRIjun]
deriding or being derided; mock; laugh
scornfully at
ostracism
shut out from society
defiance [diFAIuns]
open disobedience or resistance
He went swimming in the sea in defiance
of the warning sign telling him not to.
37
inveterate [inVEturut]
deep-rooted; long-established
inveterate smoker/prejudice
38
undermine
weaken gradually
overhaul
examine thoroughly in order to learn the
condition of; to haul over, as for examination
have the engine of a car overhauled
go to one's doctor to be overhauled
haul [hol]
pull (with effort or force); amount gained
as the result of effort, esp of fish
elephants hauling logs; hauled up in a
net
undergird
make strong; be a base of; brace from
the bottom side
intersperse
place here and there
a speech interspersed with witty remarks
supersede
take the place of
Motorways have superseded ordinary roads
for long-distance travel.